Not exactly. The reason is two-fold: First, tampons are made of cotton, or rayon, and while this material absorbs menstrual fluid well, they’re not designed to absorb viscous (thick) fluids like semen. Second, tampons are designed to sit in the bottom of the vagina, and they don’t reach into the fornices of the vagina, where semen may be trapped.
Women have a short urethra—usually about 4cm, or a little less than a couple of inches. Because of this, bacteria during sex that live in the vaginal region may be “pushed” into the urethra, and make their way into the bladder. That’s why we recommend that women make sure to pee after sex to help get rid of any bacteria that entered the urethra. Additionally, hydrating is important.
Many women have urinary urgency after sex. This may be from the repetitive friction caused by the penis on the anterior vaginal wall and urethra, as the bladder sits just in front of the inside wall of the vagina. Not all women who have these symptoms (urinary urgency, frequency) necessarily have an infection, though.